What is the energy supply in the park?

The energy supply and its supporting systems in the park are intricate, encompassing not only the traditional power grid but also newer energy supplies and essential municipal infrastructures such as gas, heat, and water supply.

Do industrial parks pose environmental challenges?

However, they also pose significant environmental challenges. China, as the world's leading emitter of carbon, attributes nearly 70 % of its industrial energy consumption to these parks, with industrial parks alone responsible for approximately 31 % of national carbon emissions [1, 2].

What types of energy systems are used in parks?

Common energy systems in these parks include integrated systems for cooling, heating, and power, alongside wind, solar, and energy storage technologies. These systems facilitate diverse energy utilization methods such as wind power, photovoltaic generation, and gas-fired heating [9, 10, 19].

Are energy monitoring and management systems effective in parks?

While energy monitoring and management systems are commonly used in parks to track consumption, however, these systems often suffer from a heterogenous energy structure and a lack of effective linkage and coupling strategies, resulting in suboptimal energy utilization rates.

What is the energy circulation process in parks?

Literature review In terms of energy consumption and energy management, the energy circulation process within parks encompasses five key segments: energy production, conversion, transmission, storage, and consumption.

Why is energy storage important?

Energy storage serves important grid functions, including time-shifting energy across hours, days, weeks, or months; regulating grid frequency; and ensuring flexibility to balance supply and demand.